任何語種翻譯的的學(xué)習(xí)都需要一個慢慢成長的過程，過程中總會遇到問題，今天本翻譯公司帶大家了解分享德語翻譯常見什么錯誤?

　　The learning of any language translation needs a slowly growing process, and there will always be problems in the process. Today, our translation company will share with you the common mistakes in German translation?

　　1、譯不好需要意譯的詞或表達(dá)

　　1. A word or expression that requires free translation

　　意譯是德語翻譯(德漢或漢德兩種翻譯都不例外)中用得最多，也是最難掌握的翻譯方法、技巧之一，因此也是初學(xué)翻譯最容易出錯的地方

　　Free translation is one of the most frequently used and the most difficult translation methods and skills in German translation (both German Chinese and Chinese German translation are no exception), so it is also the most likely place for beginners to make mistakes in translation

　　2、長句譯不好

　　2. Poor translation of long sentences

　　長句是德語的一大特點(diǎn)，特別是在某些帶有一定學(xué)術(shù)性的報刊文章和專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)論著中。“長句譯不好”主要存在兩個問題:①關(guān)系分不清;②譯文未擺平。

　　Long sentences are a major feature of German, especially in some academic newspaper articles and professional academic works. There are two main problems in "poor translation of long sentences": first, the relationship is not clear; second, the translation is not balanced.

　　3、“缺詞“譯不好

　　3. Poor translation of "missing words"

　　什么是“缺詞”?德語表達(dá)為:fehlende W?rter。這是指在原語中有，而在譯語中沒有，翻譯時，必須進(jìn)行“增詞”或“引申”等處理的詞或表達(dá)。

　　What is "missing words"? German expression: fehlende w? Rter. This refers to words or expressions that exist in the source language but not in the target language and must be treated as "adding words" or "extending" during translation.

　　4、虛擬式譯法死板

　　4、 Rigid virtual translation

　　德語有虛擬式，漢語中沒有，而是通過特定的詞來表達(dá)虛擬的意義。其原因主要是:①沒有掌握德語虛擬式具有多種多樣的含義;②不知道漢語中表達(dá)虛擬式也有多種多樣的的手段。

　　German has a virtual form, not in Chinese, but through specific words to express the meaning of virtual. The main reasons are as follows: ① there are many meanings in German; ② there are many ways to express it in Chinese.

　　5、口語句少有口語味

　　5. Oral sentences are seldom colloquial

　　翻譯口語句的關(guān)鍵是要譯出口語味。初學(xué)德語翻譯的主要問題是:譯不出口語味，所以，譯文就不生動、不上口。

　　The key to translating spoken sentences is to translate the taste of the spoken language. The main problem of the translation of the first German learners is that the translation does not export the flavor of the language, so the translation is not vivid and eloquent.

　　6、被動態(tài)使用不當(dāng)

　　6. Improper dynamic use

　　德、漢兩種語言中都有被動態(tài)。但漢語的被動態(tài)有時很隱藏，德語中的被動態(tài)一般都比較清楚。所以，在翻譯德語被動態(tài)時，學(xué)譯者往往用“被”字，是被動句結(jié)構(gòu)死板。實(shí)際上，德語中的某些被動態(tài)可以譯成主動態(tài)，很多被動句翻譯時可以不用“被”字。

　　There are passive dynamics in both German and Chinese languages. But Chinese is sometimes very dynamic hidden, German is generally more clear. Therefore, when translating German, the translator often uses the word "Bei", which is a passive sentence structure. In fact, some of the passive sentences in German can be translated into active ones, and many passive sentences can be translated without the word "be".

　　7、定語從句翻譯不靈活

　　7. Inflexible translation of attributive clauses

　　定語從句是德語中使用最多的從句，因此，意義最多、用法也最復(fù)雜。初學(xué)翻譯定語從句的問題主要是兩個:關(guān)系詞譯不好和譯法死板，把起非定語作用的定語從句一概譯成定語或定語從句。翻譯定語從句有什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧。

　　Attributive clause is the most frequently used clause in German, so it has the most meaning and the most complicated usage. There are two main problems in the initial study of translating attributive clauses: the poor translation of relative words and the rigid translation method. What are the experience and skills in translating attributive clauses.

　　8、錯譯省略句

　　8. Mistranslation of ellipsis

　　什么叫“省略句”?就是省略了句子成分的句子。這也是德語的一個特點(diǎn)。由于德語基本功的關(guān)系，初學(xué)翻譯者往往不能準(zhǔn)確理解原文究竟省略了什么，所以造成錯譯。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)大多是:前面是一個副詞或形容詞，再加一個逗號就構(gòu)成一個主句，后面用關(guān)系詞引出一個完整的從句。

　　What is ellipsis? A sentence that omits the elements of a sentence. This is also a characteristic of German. Due to the basic skills of German, beginners often can't understand exactly what is omitted in the original text, which results in mistranslation. This kind of sentence structure is mostly: the front is an adverb or adjective, plus a comma to form a main sentence, followed by a relative word to lead to a complete clause.

　　9、大數(shù)詞譯錯

　　9. Errors in the translation of large numbers

　　由于德語和漢語表達(dá)數(shù)詞(字)方面的差異，主要是大數(shù)詞(字)單位的不同。初學(xué)翻譯者在翻譯大的德語數(shù)詞時。容易出現(xiàn)差錯。當(dāng)然，也有可能是出于粗心，看錯了原文的數(shù)詞。如把1791年錯寫成:1971年。希望初學(xué)翻譯者在翻譯大數(shù)詞時。要做到“小心“和“細(xì)心”，可以像小學(xué)生那樣。把德語大數(shù)詞用0一位數(shù)一位數(shù)地寫在草稿紙上，這樣就能看得一清二楚，也就不會譯錯了。

　　Due to the differences in the expression of numerals (characters) between German and Chinese, it is mainly the differences in the units of large numerals (characters). Learning how to translate large German numerals. Error prone. Of course, it may also be due to carelessness and wrong reading of the original number words. For example, 1791 was wrongly written as: 1971. I hope to learn how to translate large numbers. To be "careful" and "careful", you can be like a primary school student. Write the German numeral in 0-digit on the rough paper, so that you can see it clearly, and you can't translate it wrong.

　　10、選錯釋義

　　10. Wrong choice interpretation

　　初學(xué)翻譯者在選擇釋義時，往往不能從原文和譯文的上下文仔細(xì)考慮，斟酌措辭，選擇較為貼切的釋義。查閱德漢詞典時，常出現(xiàn)生搬硬套釋義的情況。有的甚至匆匆一看開頭的某個釋義，不加分析思考。就寫進(jìn)了譯文，結(jié)果出了錯，有的甚至是出了很大的“洋相”。這是翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足造成的錯誤。因?yàn)椤百N切釋義”是初學(xué)翻譯的一大難點(diǎn)。

　　When choosing the interpretation, the first-time translators often can't carefully consider the context of the original text and the target text, consider the wording, and choose the more appropriate interpretation. When consulting German and Chinese dictionaries, there are often cases of mechanically interpreting. Some even look at some explanation at the beginning in a hurry, without analysis and thinking. I wrote it into the translation, but it turned out to be wrong, some even made a big "foreign appearance". This is a mistake caused by lack of translation experience. Because "appropriate interpretation" is a big difficulty for beginners to learn translation.

中譯國際翻譯（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.